Version 0.15.0

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

README.md

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ RDP, SFTP, port forwarding and VPN are only available in the desktop app.
 - **Known hosts**: MrTerm warns you if a server's host key changes
 - **History** of recent connections
 - **Import** from `~/.ssh/config` and from **Devolutions Remote Desktop Manager** (`.rdm`/XML, JSON or CSV)
-- **Backup** export and import
+- **Backup** of everything (hosts, keys, passwords, snippets, forwards, VPNs, known hosts, settings), optionally encrypted with a password (scrypt + AES-256-GCM); import can merge or replace
 - **Web version** for your own server (Docker), usable in any browser. See [Web version (Docker)](#web-version-docker)
 - **LAN sync**: keep several MrTerm devices in sync over your local network, end-to-end encrypted and without a server
 - **7 app themes** (Midnight, Navy, Nord, Dracula, Catppuccin, Forest, Light) plus a custom accent color
@@ -101,6 +101,21 @@ Then open `http://<your-server>:8080` and create the administrator account. As a
 - **Data** lives in the `mrterm-data` volume (`/data` in the container). Back it up regularly. A restored vault still needs its user's password to open.
 - **SSH connections** start from the server, so the server must be able to reach your hosts.
 
+### Updating the web version
+
+Run these commands in the folder that contains your `docker-compose.yml`:
+
+```bash
+docker compose build --pull --no-cache
+docker compose up -d
+```
+
+This fetches the latest MrTerm from the repository, rebuilds the image and restarts the container. Your users and vaults stay in the `mrterm-data` volume and are kept. Everyone has to sign in again after the restart.
+
+To check which version is running, look at the bottom of the sign-in page. If a release note mentions changes to `docker-compose.yml`, download it again first (`curl -O …` as above) and copy over your own changes, such as ports or `TRUST_PROXY`.
+
+To remove images left over from earlier builds: `docker image prune`.
+
 ## Getting started
 
 1. Click **New host**, enter the address, username and password or key, and click **Save**.

package-lock.json

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "mrterm",
-  "version": "0.13.0",
+  "version": "0.15.0",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "mrterm",
-      "version": "0.13.0",
+      "version": "0.15.0",
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@xterm/addon-fit": "^0.11.0",

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "mrterm",
   "productName": "MrTerm",
-  "version": "0.13.0",
+  "version": "0.15.0",
   "description": "Moderner SSH-, SFTP- und RDP-Client",
   "main": "src/main/main.js",
   "author": "MrBlake",

src/core/backend.js

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ const { DockerManager } = require('../main/docker');
 const { FirewallManager } = require('../main/firewall');
 const { NetworkConfigManager } = require('../main/network');
 const i18n = require('../i18n');
+const backup = require('./backup');
 
 function createBackend({ store, send, platform, version = '0.0.0', withSync = false, onLanguage = () => {} }) {
   // Rückfragen an die Oberfläche (Hostschlüssel, Passwörter, Kopplungscode)
@@ -107,11 +108,12 @@ function createBackend({ store, send, platform, version = '0.0.0', withSync = fa
   });
   handle('vault:settings', (s) => { store.setSettings(s); if ('language' in s) onLanguage(s.language); });
   handle('vault:forgetHost', (id) => store.forgetKnownHost(id));
-  handle('vault:exportData', () => publicData());
+  handle('backup:export', (opts) => backup.createBackup(store, { ...opts, version }));
-  handle('vault:importData', (data) => {
+  handle('backup:inspect', (content) => backup.inspectBackup(content));
-    for (const col of ['groups', 'hosts', 'keys', 'snippets', 'forwards', 'vpns'])
+  handle('backup:import', (content, password, opts) => {
-      for (const item of data?.[col] || []) store.upsert(col, item);
+    const r = backup.importBackup(store, content, password, opts);
-    return true;
+    if (opts?.settings) onLanguage(store.get().settings.language);
+    return r;
   });
   // entries: [{ folder: ['A','B'], host?: {...} }] – wie am Desktop (Import aus Remote Desktop Manager)
   handle('vault:bulkImport', (entries) => {

src/core/backup.js

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Vollständiges Backup (Desktop, Web, Android): alle Collections, bekannte Hosts, Verlauf und Einstellungen.
+// Optional mit Passwort verschlüsselt: scrypt (N=2^16, r=8, p=1) → AES-256-GCM.
+// Gerätebezogenes (LAN-Sync-Kopplungen, Löschvermerke, App-Sperre) wird nicht exportiert.
+const crypto = require('crypto');
+
+const FORMAT = 'mrterm-backup';
+const COLLECTIONS = ['groups', 'hosts', 'keys', 'snippets', 'forwards', 'vpns'];
+const KDF = { N: 1 << 16, r: 8, p: 1 };
+const scrypt = (password, salt, k) => crypto.scryptSync(String(password).normalize('NFC'), salt, 32, { ...k, maxmem: 256 * 1024 * 1024 });
+
+function snapshot(store, { settings = true } = {}) {
+  const d = store.get();
+  const out = { knownHosts: d.knownHosts || {}, history: d.history || [] };
+  for (const c of COLLECTIONS) out[c] = d[c] || [];
+  if (settings) out.settings = d.settings;
+  return out;
+}
+
+// Liefert den Dateiinhalt (JSON-Text)
+function createBackup(store, { password = '', settings = true, version = '' } = {}) {
+  const data = snapshot(store, { settings });
+  const head = { format: FORMAT, version: 2, app: version, createdAt: new Date().toISOString() };
+  if (!password) return JSON.stringify({ ...head, encrypted: false, data }, null, 2);
+  const salt = crypto.randomBytes(16);
+  const key = scrypt(password, salt, KDF);
+  const iv = crypto.randomBytes(12);
+  const c = crypto.createCipheriv('aes-256-gcm', key, iv);
+  c.setAAD(Buffer.from(FORMAT));
+  const ct = Buffer.concat([c.update(JSON.stringify(data)), c.final()]);
+  return JSON.stringify({
+    ...head, encrypted: true,
+    kdf: { name: 'scrypt', salt: salt.toString('base64'), ...KDF },
+    cipher: { name: 'aes-256-gcm', iv: iv.toString('base64'), tag: c.getAuthTag().toString('base64') },
+    ct: ct.toString('base64'),
+  }, null, 2);
+}
+
+function parse(content) {
+  let j;
+  try { j = JSON.parse(String(content).replace(/^/, '')); } catch { throw new Error('INVALID'); }
+  if (!j || typeof j !== 'object') throw new Error('INVALID');
+  // Altes Format (bis 0.14): unverschlüsseltes JSON mit den Collections auf oberster Ebene
+  if (j.format !== FORMAT) {
+    if (!COLLECTIONS.some((c) => Array.isArray(j[c]))) throw new Error('INVALID');
+    return { encrypted: false, data: j, createdAt: null, app: '' };
+  }
+  return { encrypted: !!j.encrypted, raw: j, data: j.encrypted ? null : j.data, createdAt: j.createdAt, app: j.app };
+}
+
+const counts = (data) => Object.fromEntries([...COLLECTIONS.map((c) => [c, (data[c] || []).length]), ['knownHosts', Object.keys(data.knownHosts || {}).length], ['settings', data.settings ? 1 : 0]]);
+
+// Vorabinfo für die Oberfläche (ohne Passwort)
+function inspectBackup(content) {
+  const b = parse(content);
+  return { encrypted: b.encrypted, createdAt: b.createdAt, app: b.app, counts: b.data ? counts(b.data) : null };
+}
+
+function decrypt(content, password) {
+  const b = parse(content);
+  if (!b.encrypted) return b.data;
+  if (!password) throw new Error('PASSWORD_REQUIRED');
+  const { kdf, cipher, ct } = b.raw;
+  const key = scrypt(password, Buffer.from(kdf.salt, 'base64'), { N: kdf.N, r: kdf.r, p: kdf.p });
+  try {
+    const d = crypto.createDecipheriv('aes-256-gcm', key, Buffer.from(cipher.iv, 'base64'));
+    d.setAAD(Buffer.from(FORMAT));
+    d.setAuthTag(Buffer.from(cipher.tag, 'base64'));
+    return JSON.parse(Buffer.concat([d.update(Buffer.from(ct, 'base64')), d.final()]).toString('utf8'));
+  } catch { throw new Error('WRONG_PASSWORD'); }
+}
+
+// opts: { replace: vorhandene Einträge entfernen, die nicht im Backup sind; settings: Einstellungen übernehmen }
+function importBackup(store, content, password, { replace = false, settings = false } = {}) {
+  const data = decrypt(content, password);
+  const d = store.get();
+  store.muted = true;
+  try {
+    for (const c of COLLECTIONS) {
+      const items = Array.isArray(data[c]) ? data[c].filter((x) => x && typeof x === 'object') : [];
+      if (replace) {
+        const keep = new Set(items.map((x) => x.id).filter(Boolean));
+        for (const x of [...(d[c] || [])]) if (!keep.has(x.id)) store.remove(c, x.id);
+      }
+      for (const item of items) store.upsert(c, { ...item });
+    }
+    if (data.knownHosts && typeof data.knownHosts === 'object') d.knownHosts = replace ? { ...data.knownHosts } : { ...d.knownHosts, ...data.knownHosts };
+    if (Array.isArray(data.history)) {
+      const seen = new Set();
+      d.history = [...(replace ? [] : d.history || []), ...data.history].filter((h) => h && !seen.has(h.hostId) && seen.add(h.hostId)).slice(0, 30);
+    }
+    if (settings && data.settings && typeof data.settings === 'object') d.settings = { ...d.settings, ...data.settings };
+  } finally {
+    store.muted = false;
+  }
+  store.save();
+  return counts(data);
+}
+
+module.exports = { createBackup, inspectBackup, importBackup };

src/i18n.js

@@ -351,6 +351,43 @@
     'Touch your security key to unlock MrTerm.': 'Berühre deinen Sicherheitsschlüssel, um MrTerm zu entsperren.',
     'Security key prompt was cancelled or timed out.': 'Die Abfrage des Sicherheitsschlüssels wurde abgebrochen oder ist abgelaufen.',
     'This security key does not support the hmac-secret/PRF extension.': 'Dieser Sicherheitsschlüssel unterstützt die hmac-secret/PRF-Erweiterung nicht.',
+    'This file is not a MrTerm backup.': 'Diese Datei ist kein MrTerm-Backup.',
+    'This backup is encrypted. Please enter the password.': 'Dieses Backup ist verschlüsselt. Bitte gib das Passwort ein.',
+    'Exports all hosts, groups, SSH keys, passwords, snippets, port forwards, VPNs, known hosts and settings.': 'Exportiert alle Hosts, Gruppen, SSH-Keys, Passwörter, Snippets, Portweiterleitungen, VPNs, bekannten Hosts und Einstellungen.',
+    'Recommended. Without a password, keys and passwords are stored in plain text in the file.': 'Empfohlen. Ohne Passwort stehen Schlüssel und Passwörter im Klartext in der Datei.',
+    'Include settings': 'Einstellungen einschließen',
+    'Export': 'Exportieren',
+    'Export without password?': 'Ohne Passwort exportieren?',
+    'Private keys and passwords will be readable by anyone who gets the file.': 'Private Schlüssel und Passwörter sind dann für jeden lesbar, der die Datei erhält.',
+    '{hosts} hosts, {keys} keys, {snippets} snippets, {vpns} VPNs': '{hosts} Hosts, {keys} Schlüssel, {snippets} Snippets, {vpns} VPNs',
+    'Contents are encrypted.': 'Inhalt ist verschlüsselt.',
+    'Import settings': 'Einstellungen übernehmen',
+    'Replace existing data (entries not contained in the backup are deleted)': 'Vorhandene Daten ersetzen (Einträge, die nicht im Backup sind, werden gelöscht)',
+    'Replace existing data?': 'Vorhandene Daten ersetzen?',
+    'Hosts, keys, snippets and other entries that are not in the backup will be deleted.': 'Hosts, Schlüssel, Snippets und andere Einträge, die nicht im Backup sind, werden gelöscht.',
+    'Replace': 'Ersetzen',
+    'Import complete: {hosts} hosts, {keys} keys, {snippets} snippets': 'Import abgeschlossen: {hosts} Hosts, {keys} Schlüssel, {snippets} Snippets',
+    'Templates': 'Vorlagen',
+    'Run': 'Ausführen',
+    'Authorize SSH key for a user': 'SSH-Key für Benutzer freischalten',
+    'Adds a public key from the keychain to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys of the user.': 'Trägt einen öffentlichen Schlüssel aus dem Schlüsselbund in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys des Benutzers ein.',
+    'Key': 'Schlüssel',
+    'Public key is missing.': 'Öffentlicher Schlüssel fehlt.',
+    'User is missing.': 'Benutzer fehlt.',
+    'Install QEMU guest agent': 'QEMU Guest Agent installieren',
+    'Installs and starts qemu-guest-agent (apt, dnf, yum, pacman, zypper or apk).': 'Installiert und startet qemu-guest-agent (apt, dnf, yum, pacman, zypper oder apk).',
+    'Use APT cache server': 'APT-Cache-Server verwenden',
+    'Routes APT downloads through a cache proxy such as apt-cacher-ng (/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00proxy).': 'Leitet APT-Downloads über einen Cache-Proxy wie apt-cacher-ng (/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00proxy).',
+    'Proxy URL': 'Proxy-URL',
+    'Invalid URL.': 'Ungültige URL.',
+    'Remove APT cache server': 'APT-Cache-Server entfernen',
+    'Removes the APT proxy setting again.': 'Entfernt die APT-Proxy-Einstellung wieder.',
+    'Updates all packages with the system package manager.': 'Aktualisiert alle Pakete mit dem Paketmanager des Systems.',
+    'Connecting to security key …': 'Verbinde mit dem Sicherheitsschlüssel …',
+    'Enter the PIN of your security key.': 'Gib die PIN deines Sicherheitsschlüssels ein.',
+    'Wrong PIN.': 'Falsche PIN.',
+    '{n} attempts left.': 'Noch {n} Versuche.',
+    'The PIN of this security key is blocked. Remove and reinsert the key, or reset it.': 'Die PIN dieses Sicherheitsschlüssels ist gesperrt. Ziehe den Schlüssel ab und stecke ihn neu ein oder setze ihn zurück.',
 
     // VPN
     '— No VPN —': '— Kein VPN —',

src/main/ctap2.js

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+// Minimaler CTAP2-Client über Linux-hidraw (ohne native Module).
+// Nötig, weil Chromium/Electron keine PIN-Eingabe für WebAuthn hat: Schlüssel mit gesetzter FIDO2-PIN
+// (z. B. YubiKey 5 ohne makeCredUvNotRqd) verlangen die PIN beim Registrieren, und Chromium bricht dann
+// nach dem Berühren mit NotAllowedError ab. Hier läuft makeCredential direkt, mit PIN-Token (Protokoll 1).
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const crypto = require('crypto');
+
+// ---- CBOR (nur was CTAP2 braucht; Map-Schlüssel kanonisch sortiert) ----
+function head(major, n) {
+  if (n < 24) return Buffer.from([(major << 5) | n]);
+  if (n < 0x100) return Buffer.from([(major << 5) | 24, n]);
+  if (n < 0x10000) { const b = Buffer.alloc(3); b[0] = (major << 5) | 25; b.writeUInt16BE(n, 1); return b; }
+  const b = Buffer.alloc(5); b[0] = (major << 5) | 26; b.writeUInt32BE(n, 1); return b;
+}
+function enc(v) {
+  if (typeof v === 'number') return v >= 0 ? head(0, v) : head(1, -1 - v);
+  if (typeof v === 'boolean') return Buffer.from([v ? 0xf5 : 0xf4]);
+  if (typeof v === 'string') { const s = Buffer.from(v, 'utf8'); return Buffer.concat([head(3, s.length), s]); }
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(v) || v instanceof Uint8Array) return Buffer.concat([head(2, v.length), Buffer.from(v)]);
+  if (Array.isArray(v)) return Buffer.concat([head(4, v.length), ...v.map(enc)]);
+  if (v instanceof Map) {
+    const items = [...v].map(([k, x]) => [enc(k), enc(x)])
+      .sort(([a], [b]) => a.length - b.length || Buffer.compare(a, b));
+    return Buffer.concat([head(5, items.length), ...items.flat()]);
+  }
+  throw new Error('CBOR: unsupported value');
+}
+function dec(buf, pos = 0) {
+  const ib = buf[pos++], major = ib >> 5, ai = ib & 31;
+  let n = ai;
+  if (ai === 24) n = buf[pos++];
+  else if (ai === 25) { n = buf.readUInt16BE(pos); pos += 2; }
+  else if (ai === 26) { n = buf.readUInt32BE(pos); pos += 4; }
+  else if (ai === 27) { n = Number(buf.readBigUInt64BE(pos)); pos += 8; }
+  switch (major) {
+    case 0: return [n, pos];
+    case 1: return [-1 - n, pos];
+    case 2: return [buf.subarray(pos, pos + n), pos + n];
+    case 3: return [buf.toString('utf8', pos, pos + n), pos + n];
+    case 4: { const a = []; for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) { let x; [x, pos] = dec(buf, pos); a.push(x); } return [a, pos]; }
+    case 5: { const m = new Map(); for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) { let k, x; [k, pos] = dec(buf, pos); [x, pos] = dec(buf, pos); m.set(k, x); } return [m, pos]; }
+    case 6: return dec(buf, pos);
+    default: return [ai === 20 ? false : ai === 21 ? true : null, pos];
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- CTAPHID ----
+const CMD = { CBOR: 0x10, INIT: 0x06, CANCEL: 0x11, KEEPALIVE: 0x3b, ERROR: 0x3f };
+
+class CtapError extends Error {
+  constructor(code) { super(`CTAP2 error 0x${code.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')}`); this.code = code; }
+}
+
+function findDevice() {
+  const base = '/sys/class/hidraw';
+  let names = [];
+  try { names = fs.readdirSync(base); } catch { return null; }
+  for (const n of names) {
+    try {
+      const rd = fs.readFileSync(path.join(base, n, 'device', 'report_descriptor'));
+      if (rd.includes(Buffer.from([0x06, 0xd0, 0xf1]))) return '/dev/' + n; // Usage Page 0xF1D0 (FIDO)
+    } catch { /* ignorieren */ }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+class Device {
+  static open() {
+    const p = findDevice();
+    if (!p) return null;
+    const d = new Device();
+    d.fd = fs.openSync(p, 'r+');
+    d.cid = Buffer.from([0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff]);
+    return d;
+  }
+  close() {
+    this.closed = true;
+    try { fs.closeSync(this.fd); } catch { /* ignorieren */ }
+  }
+  // Nur lesen, während eine Antwort erwartet wird – so hängt nach close() kein blockierender Read im Threadpool
+  readPacket() {
+    const b = Buffer.alloc(64);
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => fs.read(this.fd, b, 0, 64, null, (e, n) => (e ? reject(e) : resolve(b.subarray(0, n)))));
+  }
+  write(cmd, data) {
+    const pkt = (b) => { const r = Buffer.alloc(65); b.copy(r, 1); fs.writeSync(this.fd, r); };
+    const first = Buffer.alloc(64);
+    this.cid.copy(first, 0); first[4] = 0x80 | cmd; first.writeUInt16BE(data.length, 5);
+    data.copy(first, 7, 0, 57); pkt(first);
+    for (let off = 57, seq = 0; off < data.length; off += 59, seq++) {
+      const c = Buffer.alloc(64);
+      this.cid.copy(c, 0); c[4] = seq; data.copy(c, 5, off, off + 59); pkt(c);
+    }
+  }
+  async transact(cmd, data) {
+    this.write(cmd, data);
+    for (;;) {
+      const r = await this.readPacket();
+      if (!r.subarray(0, 4).equals(this.cid)) continue;
+      const rcmd = r[4] & 0x7f;
+      if (rcmd === CMD.KEEPALIVE) continue;
+      const len = r.readUInt16BE(5);
+      const parts = [r.subarray(7)];
+      let got = r.length - 7;
+      while (got < len) { const c = await this.readPacket(); parts.push(c.subarray(5)); got += c.length - 5; }
+      const body = Buffer.concat(parts).subarray(0, len);
+      if (rcmd === CMD.ERROR) throw new Error(`CTAPHID error 0x${body[0].toString(16)}`);
+      return body;
+    }
+  }
+  async init() {
+    const nonce = crypto.randomBytes(8);
+    for (;;) {
+      const r = await this.transact(CMD.INIT, nonce);
+      if (r.subarray(0, 8).equals(nonce)) { this.cid = Buffer.from(r.subarray(8, 12)); return; }
+    }
+  }
+  cancel() { try { if (!this.closed) this.write(CMD.CANCEL, Buffer.alloc(0)); } catch { /* ignorieren */ } }
+  async cbor(cmd, params) {
+    const r = await this.transact(CMD.CBOR, Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([cmd]), params ? enc(params) : Buffer.alloc(0)]));
+    if (r[0] !== 0) throw new CtapError(r[0]);
+    return r.length > 1 ? dec(r, 1)[0] : new Map();
+  }
+}
+
+// ---- PIN-Protokoll 1 ----
+const aes = (mode, key, data) => {
+  const c = mode === 'enc' ? crypto.createCipheriv('aes-256-cbc', key, Buffer.alloc(16)) : crypto.createDecipheriv('aes-256-cbc', key, Buffer.alloc(16));
+  c.setAutoPadding(false);
+  return Buffer.concat([c.update(data), c.final()]);
+};
+
+async function sharedSecret(dev) {
+  const ka = (await dev.cbor(0x06, new Map([[1, 1], [2, 2]]))).get(1);
+  const ecdh = crypto.createECDH('prime256v1');
+  ecdh.generateKeys();
+  const z = ecdh.computeSecret(Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([4]), ka.get(-2), ka.get(-3)]));
+  const pub = ecdh.getPublicKey();
+  const platformKey = new Map([[1, 2], [3, -25], [-1, 1], [-2, pub.subarray(1, 33)], [-3, pub.subarray(33, 65)]]);
+  return { key: crypto.createHash('sha256').update(z).digest(), platformKey };
+}
+
+async function pinToken(dev, pin) {
+  const { key, platformKey } = await sharedSecret(dev);
+  const pinHash = crypto.createHash('sha256').update(pin, 'utf8').digest().subarray(0, 16);
+  const r = await dev.cbor(0x06, new Map([[1, 1], [2, 5], [3, platformKey], [6, aes('enc', key, pinHash)]]));
+  return aes('dec', key, r.get(2));
+}
+
+async function pinRetries(dev) {
+  try { return (await dev.cbor(0x06, new Map([[1, 1], [2, 1]]))).get(3); } catch { return undefined; }
+}
+
+// Status-Codes, die für "abgebrochen / nicht bestätigt / Zeit abgelaufen" stehen
+const CANCEL_CODES = new Set([0x27, 0x2d, 0x2f, 0x3a]);
+const PIN = { INVALID: 0x31, BLOCKED: 0x32, AUTH_BLOCKED: 0x34 };
+
+// Registriert ein nicht-residentes Credential mit hmac-secret für rpId "localhost" (kompatibel zur
+// WebAuthn-PRF-Abfrage in fido.js). ui: { askPin(retries, wrong) -> Promise<string|null>, touch() }
+// Liefert die Credential-ID als Buffer, oder null, wenn kein FIDO2-Gerät per hidraw erreichbar ist.
+async function makeCredential(ui, { timeoutMs = 60000 } = {}) {
+  let dev;
+  try { dev = Device.open(); } catch { return null; }
+  if (!dev) return null;
+  let timer;
+  const abort = () => dev.cancel();
+  try {
+    await dev.init();
+    const info = await dev.cbor(0x04);
+    if (!(info.get(1) || []).some((v) => String(v).startsWith('FIDO_2'))) return null;
+    if (!(info.get(2) || []).includes('hmac-secret')) throw new CtapError(-1);
+    const opts = info.get(4) || new Map();
+
+    const params = new Map([
+      [2, new Map([['id', 'localhost'], ['name', 'MrTerm']])],
+      [3, new Map([['id', crypto.randomBytes(16)], ['name', 'MrTerm'], ['displayName', 'MrTerm']])],
+      [4, [-7, -8, -257].map((alg) => new Map([['alg', alg], ['type', 'public-key']]))],
+      [6, new Map([['hmac-secret', true]])],
+    ]);
+    const cdh = crypto.randomBytes(32);
+    params.set(1, cdh);
+
+    if (opts.get('clientPin') === true && opts.get('makeCredUvNotRqd') !== true) {
+      let wrong = false;
+      for (;;) {
+        const pin = await ui.askPin(await pinRetries(dev), wrong);
+        if (pin == null) throw new CtapError(0x2d);
+        try {
+          const tok = await pinToken(dev, pin);
+          params.set(8, crypto.createHmac('sha256', tok).update(cdh).digest().subarray(0, 16));
+          params.set(9, 1);
+          break;
+        } catch (e) {
+          if (e.code === PIN.INVALID) { wrong = true; continue; }
+          throw e;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    ui.touch(abort);
+    timer = setTimeout(abort, timeoutMs);
+    const r = await dev.cbor(0x01, params);
+    const authData = r.get(2);
+    const idLen = authData.readUInt16BE(53);
+    return Buffer.from(authData.subarray(55, 55 + idLen));
+  } finally {
+    clearTimeout(timer);
+    dev.close();
+  }
+}
+
+// Entspricht WebAuthn-PRF (evalByCredential) über hmac-secret, ohne PIN (wie Chromium mit
+// userVerification "discouraged"). creds: [{ credId: Buffer, salt: Buffer }] – salt ist der rohe PRF-Eingabewert.
+// Liefert { credId: Buffer, secret: Buffer(32) }, oder null, wenn kein FIDO2-Gerät per hidraw erreichbar ist.
+async function getHmacSecret(ui, creds, { timeoutMs = 60000 } = {}) {
+  let dev;
+  try { dev = Device.open(); } catch { return null; }
+  if (!dev) return null;
+  let timer;
+  try {
+    await dev.init();
+    const info = await dev.cbor(0x04);
+    if (!(info.get(1) || []).some((v) => String(v).startsWith('FIDO_2'))) return null;
+    const rpId = 'localhost';
+    const desc = (c) => new Map([['id', c.credId], ['type', 'public-key']]);
+    // Welches Credential liegt auf diesem Schlüssel? (Vorabprüfung ohne Berühren, up=false)
+    let cred = null;
+    for (const c of creds) {
+      try {
+        await dev.cbor(0x02, new Map([[1, rpId], [2, crypto.randomBytes(32)], [3, [desc(c)]], [5, new Map([['up', false]])]]));
+        cred = c; break;
+      } catch (e) { if (e.code !== 0x2e) throw e; }
+    }
+    if (!cred) throw new CtapError(0x2e);
+    const { key, platformKey } = await sharedSecret(dev);
+    const salt = crypto.createHash('sha256').update(Buffer.concat([Buffer.from('WebAuthn PRF\0', 'latin1'), cred.salt])).digest();
+    const saltEnc = aes('enc', key, salt);
+    const saltAuth = crypto.createHmac('sha256', key).update(saltEnc).digest().subarray(0, 16);
+    ui.touch(() => dev.cancel());
+    timer = setTimeout(() => dev.cancel(), timeoutMs);
+    const r = await dev.cbor(0x02, new Map([
+      [1, rpId], [2, crypto.randomBytes(32)], [3, [desc(cred)]],
+      [4, new Map([['hmac-secret', new Map([[1, platformKey], [2, saltEnc], [3, saltAuth]])]])],
+    ]));
+    const authData = r.get(2);
+    if (!(authData[32] & 0x80)) throw new CtapError(-1);
+    const ext = dec(authData, 37)[0].get('hmac-secret');
+    if (!ext) throw new CtapError(-1);
+    return { credId: Buffer.from(cred.credId), secret: aes('dec', key, ext).subarray(0, 32) };
+  } finally {
+    clearTimeout(timer);
+    dev.close();
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = { makeCredential, getHmacSecret, CtapError, CANCEL_CODES, PIN };

src/main/fido.js

@@ -4,8 +4,11 @@
 // abgefangen wird (kein echter Server). rpId ist damit immer "localhost".
 // Aus dem Schlüssel wird per PRF-Erweiterung (CTAP hmac-secret) ein geheimer Wert abgeleitet, der den
 // Datenschlüssel des Vaults verpackt. userVerification "discouraged": Berühren genügt (Electron hat keine PIN-Eingabe).
+// Registrieren läuft unter Linux direkt per CTAP2 (ctap2.js), weil Electron keine PIN-Abfrage kennt und
+// Schlüssel mit gesetzter PIN sonst nach dem Berühren mit NotAllowedError scheitern.
 const { BrowserWindow, session } = require('electron');
 const i18n = require('../i18n');
+const ctap2 = require('./ctap2');
 
 const PAGE = `<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><style>
   html,body{margin:0;height:100%;background:#1a1d27;color:#e6e8ef;font:14px system-ui,sans-serif;-webkit-app-region:drag}
@@ -13,7 +16,10 @@ const PAGE = `<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><style>
   .ic{font-size:34px} #t{max-width:340px;line-height:1.4}
   button{-webkit-app-region:no-drag;background:#2a2f40;color:#e6e8ef;border:1px solid #3a4054;border-radius:8px;padding:7px 16px;font:inherit;cursor:pointer}
   button:hover{background:#343a4f}
-</style></head><body><div class="ic">🔑</div><div id="t"></div><button id="c"></button></body></html>`;
+  form{display:flex;gap:8px;-webkit-app-region:no-drag} form[hidden]{display:none}
+  input{background:#10131b;color:#e6e8ef;border:1px solid #3a4054;border-radius:8px;padding:7px 10px;font:inherit;width:170px}
+  .row{display:flex;gap:8px}
+</style></head><body><div class="ic">🔑</div><div id="t"></div><form id="f" hidden><input id="p" type="password" autocomplete="off"><button id="ok"></button></form><div class="row"><button id="c"></button></div></body></html>`;
 
 let fidoSession;
 function getSession() {
@@ -29,17 +35,23 @@ const HELPERS = `
   const unb64 = (s) => Uint8Array.from(atob(s.replace(/-/g, '+').replace(/_/g, '/')), (c) => c.charCodeAt(0));
 `;
 
-async function ceremony(parent, text, script) {
+async function openWindow(parent, text) {
   const w = new BrowserWindow({
-    parent, modal: !!parent, width: 420, height: 210, frame: false, resizable: false, show: false,
+    parent, modal: !!parent, width: 420, height: 230, frame: false, resizable: false, show: false,
     backgroundColor: '#1a1d27', webPreferences: { session: getSession(), contextIsolation: true, sandbox: true },
   });
-  try {
   await w.loadURL('http://localhost/');
   await w.webContents.executeJavaScript(`document.getElementById('t').textContent = ${JSON.stringify(text)};
+    document.getElementById('ok').textContent = ${JSON.stringify(i18n.t('OK'))};
     const c = document.getElementById('c'); c.textContent = ${JSON.stringify(i18n.t('Cancel'))}; c.onclick = () => window.close(); 0;`);
   w.show();
   w.focus();
+  return w;
+}
+
+async function ceremony(parent, text, script) {
+  const w = await openWindow(parent, text);
+  try {
     const closed = new Promise((resolve) => w.once('closed', () => resolve({ error: 'cancelled' })));
     const r = await Promise.race([w.webContents.executeJavaScript(`(async () => { try { ${HELPERS} ${script} } catch (e) { return { error: e.name + ': ' + e.message }; } })()`, true), closed]);
     if (r?.error === 'cancelled' || /NotAllowedError|AbortError/.test(r?.error || '')) throw new Error(i18n.t('Security key prompt was cancelled or timed out.'));
@@ -50,8 +62,71 @@ async function ceremony(parent, text, script) {
   }
 }
 
+// Registrierung direkt per CTAP2 (Linux). Liefert die Credential-ID (base64url) oder null, wenn kein
+// FIDO2-Gerät per hidraw erreichbar ist (dann übernimmt Chromium).
+async function registerNative(parent) {
+  const w = await openWindow(parent, i18n.t('Connecting to security key …'));
+  let abort = () => {};
+  let cancelled = false;
+  w.once('closed', () => { cancelled = true; abort(); });
+  const js = (code) => (w.isDestroyed() ? Promise.resolve(null) : w.webContents.executeJavaScript(code).catch(() => null));
+  const setText = (t) => js(`document.getElementById('t').textContent = ${JSON.stringify(t)}; 0;`);
+  const ui = {
+    async askPin(retries, wrong) {
+      let t = i18n.t('Enter the PIN of your security key.');
+      if (wrong) t = i18n.t('Wrong PIN.') + ' ' + t;
+      if (retries != null) t += ' ' + i18n.t('{n} attempts left.', { n: retries });
+      await setText(t);
+      const closed = new Promise((resolve) => w.once('closed', () => resolve(null)));
+      return Promise.race([closed, js(`new Promise((resolve) => {
+        const f = document.getElementById('f'), p = document.getElementById('p');
+        f.hidden = false; p.value = ''; p.focus();
+        f.onsubmit = (e) => { e.preventDefault(); f.hidden = true; resolve(p.value); };
+      })`)]);
+    },
+    touch(a) { abort = a; if (cancelled) a(); setText(i18n.t('Touch your security key to register it.')); },
+  };
+  try {
+    const id = await ctap2.makeCredential(ui);
+    return id && b64url(id);
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (cancelled || ctap2.CANCEL_CODES.has(e.code)) throw new Error(i18n.t('Security key prompt was cancelled or timed out.'));
+    if (e.code === ctap2.PIN.BLOCKED || e.code === ctap2.PIN.AUTH_BLOCKED) throw new Error(i18n.t('The PIN of this security key is blocked. Remove and reinsert the key, or reset it.'));
+    if (e.code === -1) throw new Error(i18n.t('This security key does not support the hmac-secret/PRF extension.'));
+    throw e;
+  } finally {
+    if (!w.isDestroyed()) w.destroy();
+  }
+}
+
+// PRF-Abfrage direkt per CTAP2 (Linux); null, wenn kein FIDO2-Gerät per hidraw erreichbar ist
+async function deriveNative(parent, creds, text) {
+  const w = await openWindow(parent, text || i18n.t('Touch your security key to unlock MrTerm.'));
+  let abort = () => {};
+  let cancelled = false;
+  w.once('closed', () => { cancelled = true; abort(); });
+  try {
+    const r = await ctap2.getHmacSecret({ touch(a) { abort = a; if (cancelled) a(); } },
+      creds.map((c) => ({ credId: Buffer.from(c.credId, 'base64url'), salt: Buffer.from(c.prfSalt, 'base64url') })));
+    return r && { credId: b64url(r.credId), secret: r.secret };
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (cancelled || ctap2.CANCEL_CODES.has(e.code)) throw new Error(i18n.t('Security key prompt was cancelled or timed out.'));
+    if (e.code === 0x2e) throw new Error(i18n.t('Unknown security key.'));
+    if (e.code === -1) throw new Error(i18n.t('This security key does not support the hmac-secret/PRF extension.'));
+    throw e;
+  } finally {
+    if (!w.isDestroyed()) w.destroy();
+  }
+}
+
+const b64url = (buf) => Buffer.from(buf).toString('base64url');
+
 // Neuen Schlüssel registrieren; liefert die Credential-ID (base64url)
 async function register(parent) {
+  if (process.platform === 'linux') {
+    const id = await registerNative(parent);
+    if (id) return id;
+  }
   const r = await ceremony(parent, i18n.t('Touch your security key to register it.'), `
     const cred = await navigator.credentials.create({ publicKey: {
       challenge: crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(32)),
@@ -69,6 +144,10 @@ async function register(parent) {
 // PRF-Wert für einen der Schlüssel abfragen. creds: [{ credId, prfSalt }] (base64url)
 // Liefert { credId, secret: Buffer(32) }
 async function derive(parent, creds, text) {
+  if (process.platform === 'linux') {
+    const r = await deriveNative(parent, creds, text);
+    if (r) return r;
+  }
   const r = await ceremony(parent, text || i18n.t('Touch your security key to unlock MrTerm.'), `
     const creds = ${JSON.stringify(creds)};
     const evalByCredential = Object.fromEntries(creds.map((c) => [c.credId, { first: unb64(c.prfSalt) }]));

src/main/main.js

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ const { DockerManager } = require('./docker');
 const { FirewallManager } = require('./firewall');
 const { NetworkConfigManager } = require('./network');
 const { SyncService } = require('./sync');
+const backup = require('../core/backup');
 const applyLanguage = () => i18n.setLanguage(store.get().settings.language, app.getLocale());
 
 let win;
@@ -280,19 +281,19 @@ handle('vault:settings', (s) => {
   if ('rdpEmbed' in s) fs.writeFileSync(launchFile, JSON.stringify({ ...readLaunch(), x11: s.rdpEmbed !== false }));
 });
 handle('vault:forgetHost', (id) => store.forgetKnownHost(id));
-handle('vault:export', async () => {
+// Backup: vollständig, optional per Passwort verschlüsselt (src/core/backup.js)
-  const r = await dialog.showSaveDialog(win, { defaultPath: 'mrterm-backup.json', filters: [{ name: 'JSON', extensions: ['json'] }] });
+handle('backup:export', (opts) => backup.createBackup(store, { ...opts, version: app.getVersion() }));
-  if (r.canceled) return false;
+handle('backup:inspect', (content) => backup.inspectBackup(content));
-  fs.writeFileSync(r.filePath, JSON.stringify(publicData(), null, 2), { mode: 0o600 });
+handle('backup:import', (content, password, opts) => {
-  return r.filePath;
+  const r = backup.importBackup(store, content, password, opts);
+  if (opts?.settings) applyLanguage();
+  return r;
 });
-handle('vault:import', async () => {
+handle('backup:saveFile', async (content, name) => {
-  const r = await dialog.showOpenDialog(win, { filters: [{ name: 'JSON', extensions: ['json'] }], properties: ['openFile'] });
+  const r = await dialog.showSaveDialog(win, { defaultPath: name, filters: [{ name: 'MrTerm Backup', extensions: ['json'] }] });
   if (r.canceled) return false;
-  const data = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(r.filePaths[0], 'utf8'));
+  fs.writeFileSync(r.filePath, content, { mode: 0o600 });
-  for (const col of ['groups', 'hosts', 'keys', 'snippets', 'forwards', 'vpns'])
+  return r.filePath;
-    for (const item of data[col] || []) store.upsert(col, item);
-  return true;
 });
 
 // Import aus ~/.ssh/config

src/renderer/app.js

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 const $ = (sel, root = document) => root.querySelector(sel);
 const $$ = (sel, root = document) => [...root.querySelectorAll(sel)];
 const esc = (s) => String(s ?? '').replace(/[&<>"']/g, (c) => ({ '&': '&amp;', '<': '&lt;', '>': '&gt;', '"': '&quot;', "'": '&#39;' }[c]));
-const uid = () => crypto.randomUUID();
+// crypto.randomUUID gibt es nur in sicheren Kontexten (HTTPS/localhost) – die Web-Version läuft oft per http://<server>
+const uid = () => (crypto.randomUUID ? crypto.randomUUID() : ([1e7] + -1e3 + -4e3 + -8e3 + -1e11).replace(/[018]/g, (c) => (c ^ (crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(1))[0] & (15 >> (c / 4)))).toString(16)));
 function h(html) { const t = document.createElement('template'); t.innerHTML = html.trim(); return t.content.firstElementChild; }
 const T = I18N.t;
 // Web-Version (Docker, src/web): gleiche Oberfläche im Browser; ohne RDP, VPN, Port-Forwarding und lokale Dateien
@@ -657,7 +658,7 @@ function viewSnippets(page) {
   page.append(toolbar(T('Search snippets …'), [{ label: T('New snippet'), icon: 'plus', cls: 'primary', run: () => editSnippet() }]));
   const c = h('<div class="content"></div>'); page.append(c);
   const list = S.vault.snippets.filter((s) => matches(s.label, s.command));
-  if (!list.length) return c.append(emptyState('code', T('No snippets'), T('Save frequently used commands and send them to a terminal with one click.'), T('New snippet'), () => editSnippet()));
+  if (!list.length) { c.append(emptyState('code', T('No snippets'), T('Save frequently used commands and send them to a terminal with one click.'), T('New snippet'), () => editSnippet())); c.append(templateList()); return; }
   const l = h('<div class="list"></div>');
   for (const s of list) {
     const card = h(`<div class="card"><div class="avatar" style="background:var(--icon-bg);color:var(--green)">${ICONS.code}</div><div class="meta"><div class="title">${esc(s.label)}</div><div class="sub mono">${esc(s.command.split('\n')[0])}${s.command.includes('\n') ? ' …' : ''}</div></div><div class="actions"><button data-a="run" title="${T('Run in active terminal')}">${ICONS.play}</button><button data-a="copy" title="${T('Copy')}">${ICONS.copy}</button><button data-a="del" title="${T('Delete')}">${ICONS.trash}</button></div></div>`);
@@ -670,7 +671,7 @@ function viewSnippets(page) {
     };
     l.append(card);
   }
-  c.append(l);
+  c.append(l, templateList());
 }
 function editSnippet(s = {}) {
   const form = openDrawer(s.id ? T('Edit snippet') : T('New snippet'), [
@@ -684,6 +685,86 @@ function editSnippet(s = {}) {
     reload();
   });
 }
+// Eingebaute Vorlagen (nicht im Vault). Parameter werden vor dem Ausführen abgefragt; build() liefert eine Zeile.
+// $S = sudo, außer man ist bereits root.
+const shq = (v) => `'${String(v).replace(/'/g, `'\\''`)}'`;
+const SUDO = 'S=$([ "$(id -u)" = 0 ] || echo sudo);';
+const SNIPPET_TEMPLATES = [
+  {
+    label: () => T('Authorize SSH key for a user'),
+    desc: () => T('Adds a public key from the keychain to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys of the user.'),
+    params: () => [
+      S.vault.keys.some((k) => k.publicKey)
+        ? field(T('Key'), 'key', '', { type: 'select', options: S.vault.keys.filter((k) => k.publicKey).map((k) => [k.id, k.label]) })
+        : field('Public Key', 'pub', '', { type: 'textarea', placeholder: 'ssh-ed25519 AAAA…' }),
+      field(T('User'), 'user', 'root'),
+    ],
+    build: (v) => {
+      const pub = (v.key ? S.vault.keys.find((k) => k.id === v.key)?.publicKey : v.pub || '').trim();
+      if (!pub) throw new Error(T('Public key is missing.'));
+      if (!v.user.trim()) throw new Error(T('User is missing.'));
+      return `${SUDO} u=${shq(v.user.trim())}; k=${shq(pub)}; d="$(getent passwd "$u" | cut -d: -f6)/.ssh"; `
+        + `$S install -d -m 700 -o "$u" -g "$(id -gn "$u")" "$d" && { $S grep -qxF "$k" "$d/authorized_keys" 2>/dev/null || echo "$k" | $S tee -a "$d/authorized_keys" >/dev/null; } `
+        + `&& $S chown "$u": "$d/authorized_keys" && $S chmod 600 "$d/authorized_keys" && echo "OK: $d/authorized_keys"`;
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    label: () => T('Install QEMU guest agent'),
+    desc: () => T('Installs and starts qemu-guest-agent (apt, dnf, yum, pacman, zypper or apk).'),
+    build: () => `${SUDO} if command -v apt-get >/dev/null; then $S apt-get update && $S apt-get install -y qemu-guest-agent; `
+      + 'elif command -v dnf >/dev/null; then $S dnf install -y qemu-guest-agent; elif command -v yum >/dev/null; then $S yum install -y qemu-guest-agent; '
+      + 'elif command -v pacman >/dev/null; then $S pacman -S --needed --noconfirm qemu-guest-agent; elif command -v zypper >/dev/null; then $S zypper -n install qemu-guest-agent; '
+      + 'elif command -v apk >/dev/null; then $S apk add qemu-guest-agent && $S rc-update add qemu-guest-agent && $S rc-service qemu-guest-agent start; fi; '
+      + 'command -v systemctl >/dev/null && { $S systemctl enable --now qemu-guest-agent 2>/dev/null || $S systemctl start qemu-guest-agent; }; '
+      + 'command -v systemctl >/dev/null && systemctl is-active qemu-guest-agent',
+  },
+  {
+    label: () => T('Use APT cache server'),
+    desc: () => T('Routes APT downloads through a cache proxy such as apt-cacher-ng (/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00proxy).'),
+    params: () => [field(T('Proxy URL'), 'url', 'http://', { placeholder: 'http://192.168.1.10:3142' })],
+    build: (v) => {
+      const url = v.url.trim();
+      if (!/^https?:\/\/[^\s/]+/.test(url)) throw new Error(T('Invalid URL.'));
+      return `${SUDO} echo ${shq(`Acquire::http::Proxy "${url}";`)} | $S tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00proxy && $S apt-get update`;
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    label: () => T('Remove APT cache server'),
+    desc: () => T('Removes the APT proxy setting again.'),
+    build: () => `${SUDO} $S rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00proxy && $S apt-get update`,
+  },
+  {
+    label: () => T('System update'),
+    desc: () => T('Updates all packages with the system package manager.'),
+    build: () => `${SUDO} if command -v apt-get >/dev/null; then $S apt-get update && $S apt-get -y full-upgrade; elif command -v dnf >/dev/null; then $S dnf -y upgrade; `
+      + 'elif command -v pacman >/dev/null; then $S pacman -Syu --noconfirm; elif command -v zypper >/dev/null; then $S zypper -n update; elif command -v apk >/dev/null; then $S apk upgrade --update; fi',
+  },
+];
+
+// Fragt die Parameter einer Vorlage ab und schickt den Befehl ins Terminal
+async function runTemplate(t, session) {
+  const params = t.params ? t.params() : [];
+  let v = {};
+  if (params.length) {
+    const body = `<p style="margin-top:0;color:var(--muted)">${esc(t.desc())}</p>${params.map((el) => el.outerHTML).join('')}`;
+    v = await modal({ title: t.label(), body, buttons: [{ label: T('Cancel'), value: null, cls: 'ghost' }, { label: T('Run'), value: 'form', cls: 'primary' }] });
+    if (!v) return;
+  }
+  let command;
+  try { command = t.build(v); } catch (e) { return toast(e.message, 'error'); }
+  runSnippet({ command, autoRun: true }, session);
+}
+
+function templateList(session) {
+  const d = h(`<details class="snip-tpl"><summary>${T('Templates')}</summary><div class="tpl-items"></div></details>`);
+  for (const t of SNIPPET_TEMPLATES) {
+    const it = h(`<div class="it"><div>${esc(t.label())}</div><div class="hint">${esc(t.desc())}</div></div>`);
+    it.onclick = () => runTemplate(t, session);
+    $('.tpl-items', d).append(it);
+  }
+  return d;
+}
+
 function runSnippet(s, session) {
   const t = session || S.tabs.find((x) => x.id === S.active && x.kind === 'ssh') || [...S.tabs].reverse().find((x) => x.kind === 'ssh');
   if (!t) return toast(T('No open terminal'), 'error');
@@ -991,8 +1072,8 @@ async function viewSettings(page) {
   const dataCard = h(`<div class="settings-card"><h3>${T('Data')}</h3><p style="color:var(--muted);margin-top:0">${WEB ? T('Your vault is stored on the server, encrypted with a key that only your login password can unlock.') : S.vault.encrypted ? T('The vault is encrypted with the operating system keyring (Windows DPAPI / libsecret or KWallet).') : T('The vault is not encrypted because no keyring is available. On Arch/CachyOS: install <code>gnome-keyring</code> or <code>kwallet</code>.')}</p><div class="row" style="flex-wrap:wrap"></div></div>`);
   const btns = [
     ...(WEB ? [] : [[T('Import ~/.ssh/config'), importSshConfig]]),
-    [T('Export backup'), async () => { const p = await call('vault:export'); if (p) toast(T('Exported to {path}', { path: p }), 'ok'); }],
+    [T('Export backup'), exportBackup],
-    [T('Import backup'), async () => { if (await call('vault:import')) { toast(T('Import complete'), 'ok'); reload(); } }],
+    [T('Import backup'), importBackup],
   ];
   btns.forEach(([l, fn]) => { const b = h(`<button class="btn">${esc(l)}</button>`); b.onclick = fn; $('.row', dataCard).append(b); });
 
@@ -1335,13 +1416,75 @@ async function importRdm() {
   $('[data-view=hosts]').click();
 }
 
+// ============================================================ Backup
+const BACKUP_ERRORS = () => ({ INVALID: T('This file is not a MrTerm backup.'), WRONG_PASSWORD: T('Wrong password.'), PASSWORD_REQUIRED: T('This backup is encrypted. Please enter the password.') });
+const backupError = (e) => BACKUP_ERRORS()[e.message] || e.message;
+
+async function exportBackup() {
+  let err = '';
+  for (;;) {
+    const r = await modal({
+      title: T('Export backup'),
+      body: `<p style="margin-top:0;color:var(--muted)">${T('Exports all hosts, groups, SSH keys, passwords, snippets, port forwards, VPNs, known hosts and settings.')}</p>
+        ${err ? `<p style="color:var(--red)">${esc(err)}</p>` : ''}
+        ${field(T('Password'), 'pw', '', { type: 'password', hint: T('Recommended. Without a password, keys and passwords are stored in plain text in the file.') }).outerHTML}
+        ${field(T('Repeat password'), 'pw2', '', { type: 'password' }).outerHTML}
+        ${check(T('Include settings'), 'settings', true).outerHTML}`,
+      buttons: [{ label: T('Cancel'), value: null, cls: 'ghost' }, { label: T('Export'), value: 'form', cls: 'primary' }],
+    });
+    if (!r) return;
+    if (r.pw !== r.pw2) { err = T('The passwords do not match.'); continue; }
+    if (r.pw && r.pw.length < 8) { err = T('The password must be at least 8 characters long.'); continue; }
+    if (!r.pw && !(await confirmBox(T('Export without password?'), T('Private keys and passwords will be readable by anyone who gets the file.'), T('Export')))) continue;
+    try {
+      const content = await api.call('backup:export', { password: r.pw, settings: r.settings });
+      const name = `mrterm-backup-${new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10)}${r.pw ? '-encrypted' : ''}.json`;
+      const p = await call('backup:saveFile', content, name);
+      if (p) toast(T('Exported to {path}', { path: p }), 'ok');
+    } catch (e) { toast(backupError(e), 'error'); }
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+async function importBackup() {
+  const f = await call('import:pickFile', 'MrTerm Backup', ['json']);
+  if (!f) return;
+  let info;
+  try { info = await api.call('backup:inspect', f.content); } catch (e) { return toast(backupError(e), 'error'); }
+  const c = info.counts;
+  const summary = c ? T('{hosts} hosts, {keys} keys, {snippets} snippets, {vpns} VPNs', c) : T('Contents are encrypted.');
+  let err = '';
+  for (;;) {
+    const r = await modal({
+      title: T('Import backup'),
+      body: `<p style="margin-top:0;color:var(--muted)">${esc(f.name)}${info.createdAt ? ' · ' + esc(new Date(info.createdAt).toLocaleString()) : ''}<br>${esc(summary)}</p>
+        ${err ? `<p style="color:var(--red)">${esc(err)}</p>` : ''}
+        ${info.encrypted ? field(T('Password'), 'pw', '', { type: 'password' }).outerHTML : ''}
+        ${check(T('Import settings'), 'settings', false).outerHTML}
+        ${check(T('Replace existing data (entries not contained in the backup are deleted)'), 'replace', false).outerHTML}`,
+      buttons: [{ label: T('Cancel'), value: null, cls: 'ghost' }, { label: T('Import'), value: 'form', cls: 'primary' }],
+    });
+    if (!r) return;
+    if (r.replace && !(await confirmBox(T('Replace existing data?'), T('Hosts, keys, snippets and other entries that are not in the backup will be deleted.'), T('Replace')))) continue;
+    try {
+      const n = await api.call('backup:import', f.content, r.pw || '', { replace: r.replace, settings: r.settings });
+      toast(T('Import complete: {hosts} hosts, {keys} keys, {snippets} snippets', n), 'ok');
+      reload();
+      return;
+    } catch (e) { err = backupError(e); }
+  }
+}
+
 // ============================================================ Updates
 let updateInfo = null;
+let updateDialogOpen = false; // Auto-Prüfung beim Start und manuelle Prüfung sollen keine zwei Dialoge stapeln
 async function showUpdate(info) {
   updateInfo = info;
   const b = $('#updateBadge');
   b.style.display = '';
   b.querySelector('span').textContent = `Update ${info.version}`;
+  if (updateDialogOpen) return;
+  updateDialogOpen = true;
   const r = await modal({
     title: T('MrTerm {v} is available', { v: info.version }),
     text: T('Installed: {v}', { v: info.current }) + (info.asset ? ' · ' + T('Package: {name} ({size})', { name: info.asset.name, size: fmtSize(info.asset.size) }) : ''),
@@ -1349,7 +1492,7 @@ async function showUpdate(info) {
       ${info.kind === 'dev' ? `<p>${T('Development mode: please update via <code>git pull</code>.')}</p>` : !info.asset ? `<p>${T('The release contains no package for this system.')}</p>` : ''}
       <div class="upd-prog" style="display:none"><div class="transfer" style="padding:6px 0"><span class="nm">${T('Downloading …')}</span><span class="pct"></span><div class="bar"><i></i></div></div></div>`,
     buttons: [{ label: T('Later'), value: false, cls: 'ghost' }, { label: T('Release page'), value: 'web', cls: '' }, ...(info.asset && info.kind !== 'dev' ? [{ label: T('Install now'), value: true, cls: 'primary' }] : [])],
-  });
+  }).finally(() => { updateDialogOpen = false; });
   if (r === 'web') return api.call('shell:open', info.url);
   if (r !== true) return;
   toast(T('Downloading update …'));
@@ -1500,6 +1643,7 @@ class TerminalSession {
       it.onclick = () => runSnippet(s, this);
       box.append(it);
     });
+    box.append(templateList(this));
   }
 
   toggleFind(open) {

src/renderer/styles.css

@@ -191,6 +191,12 @@ body.in-session #sidebar { display: none; }
 .snip-panel .items { overflow: auto; padding: 8px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; }
 .snip-panel .it { background: var(--card); border-radius: 8px; padding: 9px 10px; cursor: pointer; }
 .snip-panel .it:hover { background: var(--card-hover); }
+.snip-tpl { margin-top: 10px; }
+.snip-tpl summary { cursor: pointer; color: var(--muted); font-weight: 600; padding: 6px 2px; user-select: none; }
+.snip-tpl .tpl-items { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; margin-top: 4px; }
+.snip-tpl .it { background: var(--card); border-radius: 8px; padding: 9px 10px; cursor: pointer; }
+.snip-tpl .it:hover { background: var(--card-hover); }
+.snip-tpl .hint { color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; margin-top: 3px; }
 .snip-panel .it .mono { color: var(--muted); white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; margin-top: 3px; }
 .findbar { position: absolute; top: 8px; right: 24px; z-index: 4; display: none; gap: 4px; align-items: center; background: var(--panel); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 8px; padding: 4px; box-shadow: 0 8px 24px #0008; }
 .findbar.open { display: flex; }

src/web/public/web-api.js

@@ -67,11 +67,19 @@
 
   // Kanäle, die im Browser selbst erledigt werden
   const local = {
-    'clipboard:write': (t) => navigator.clipboard.writeText(String(t)),
+    // Ohne HTTPS gibt es navigator.clipboard nicht: Kopieren per execCommand, Einfügen dann nur per Strg+V
-    'clipboard:read': () => navigator.clipboard.readText(),
+    'clipboard:write': (t) => {
+      if (navigator.clipboard && window.isSecureContext) return navigator.clipboard.writeText(String(t));
+      const ta = Object.assign(document.createElement('textarea'), { value: String(t) });
+      ta.style.cssText = 'position:fixed;opacity:0';
+      document.body.append(ta); ta.select(); document.execCommand('copy'); ta.remove();
+    },
+    'clipboard:read': () => {
+      if (navigator.clipboard && window.isSecureContext) return navigator.clipboard.readText();
+      throw new Error('Pasting from the menu needs HTTPS. Use Ctrl+Shift+V or Ctrl+V instead.');
+    },
     'shell:open': (url) => { if (/^https?:\/\//i.test(url)) window.open(url, '_blank', 'noopener'); },
-    'vault:export': async () => { downloadText('mrterm-backup.json', JSON.stringify(await remote('vault:exportData', []), null, 2)); return 'mrterm-backup.json'; },
+    'backup:saveFile': (content, name) => { downloadText(name, content); return name; },
-    'vault:import': async () => { const f = await pickFile('.json,application/json'); if (!f) return false; return remote('vault:importData', [JSON.parse(f.content)]); },
     'key:pickFile': async () => { const f = await pickFile(); return f ? { name: f.name, content: f.content, publicKey: '' } : null; },
     'import:pickFile': async () => pickFile(),
     'vault:importSshConfig': () => { throw new Error('Not available in the web version.'); },